Chardonnay

Chardonnay is a highly versatile white grape variety capable of producing a wide range of wine styles, from crisp, unoaked whites to rich, barrel-fermented wines. It is known for its ability to express the character of the terroir while maintaining freshness and balance. Its adaptability has made it one of the most widely planted and influential white varieties worldwide.

Originated in Burgundy, France

Ripening Period: Mid season

Moderate vigor

Moderate yield

Availability

Preferred Climate

Chardonnay performs best in a cool to moderate climate, where it can develop balanced acidity, delicate aromatics, and complexity. It adapts well to a variety of soils and climates but is sensitive to excessive heat, which can reduce freshness and varietal expression.

Viticultural Characteristics

Chardonnay produces medium-sized clusters with medium to small berries and thin skins, which allow early ripening and moderate tannin levels. The vine exhibits moderate vigor and responds well to careful canopy management to optimize sunlight exposure and fruit quality. It performs well in diverse soil types, particularly limestone and chalky soils, which enhance minerality and aromatic complexity. Chardonnay is susceptible to powdery mildew and frost, requiring careful monitoring in cooler, humid climates.

Wine Profile

Chardonnay wines are typically medium to full-bodied with moderate acidity and alcohol. Aromatically, they can display citrus, green apple, pear, and stone fruit, with floral and mineral notes depending on the site. On the palate, they range from crisp and refreshing in unoaked styles to rich, creamy, and layered in oak-aged versions, often showing butter, vanilla, and toast nuances. Chardonnay’s versatility allows it to be enjoyed young or aged for several years, particularly in higher-quality, structured examples.

Clones

FPS 4 - High vigor and yield. Large and tight clusters with large berries. Big producer.

FPS 15 - Moderate to high vigor, moderate yield. Loose clusters.

FPS 17 - Moderate to high vigor and yield. Large cluster size. Ripens earlier than other clones.

FPS 28 - Small cluster size with small berries.

FPS 37 - Equivalent to French clone 95. Moderate to high vigor, moderate yield. Small to medium cluster sizes.

FPS 38 - Identical to FPS 37.

FPS 69 - Equivalent to French clone 76. Moderate to high vigor and yield. Ripens earlier.

FPS 70 - Equivalent to French clone 96. High vigor, moderate to high yield. Large cluster sizes.

FPS 72 - Moderate vigor and yield. Small cluster sizes.

FPS 102 - Sourced from Kendall Jackson Vineyards, Sonoma County.

FPS 112 - Similar to FPS 4 characteristics.